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Doctor Ban is a figure who exists more as an idea and a guiding will than as a physical presence for most of Galaxy Express 999. He is the biological father of Maetel and, in later works, also of Emeraldas, and was once the husband of Queen Promethium, the ruler of the mechanized empire. His physical body was destroyed long before the main journey of the Galaxy Express 999 begins, and his consciousness is sealed within a small capsule attached to a pendant that Maetel always wears. This pendant allows him to speak to his daughter and to exert a degree of power on the world from his ethereal prison.

By background, Doctor Ban was a brilliant scientist on the planet La Metal. He was instrumental in developing the technology for machine bodies intended to help his people survive their dying world. However, he came to realize the terrible cost of losing one's humanity, which put him into direct opposition with his wife, Promethium, as she sought to expand her mechanized empire across the universe. His rebellion against her vision led to him being branded a traitor. His corporeal form was ultimately destroyed, and his spirit was trapped within the pendant as punishment or as a final act of preservation. In some tellings of his backstory, he was a kind man who intended his research to help those with physical disabilities, not to replace healthy bodies with machines.

His personality is defined by an unwavering conviction in his cause. He is grimly determined, viewing the struggle against the mechanized empire as an absolute necessity. Doctor Ban is willing to sacrifice everything, including his own existence and the emotional well-being of his daughter, to see the empire destroyed. While he clearly cares for Maetel, his relationship with her is that of a commander as much as a father. He frequently issues her orders and tests her resolve, sometimes seeming cold and demanding as he pushes her to fulfill a dangerous, long-gestating plan to infiltrate and annihilate the machine homeworld. Despite this severity, in his own way he wants the best for her and believes that the destruction of the machine empire is the only path to a future where she can be truly free.

Doctor Ban's primary role in the story is that of the hidden strategist. He is the unseen architect of Maetel's quest, directing her to bring young, strong-willed humans like Tetsuro Hoshino to the heart of the empire. He believes that a boy with true love and courage in his heart, unlike those who willingly seek mechanization for eternal life, can be the key to overthrowing Promethium. He tests Tetsuro's character from afar, deeming him a suitable warrior to carry out the final stages of his plan. While Maetel is the guide and the face of the rebellion, Doctor Ban is the will driving it forward from within the pendant.

His most important relationship is with his daughter, Maetel. He is the source of her mission and the voice that calls her to action, yet their connection is fraught with the pain of his absence and the terrible burden he has placed on her. Another key relationship is with Promethium. Once partners, they became mortal enemies, representing two opposite futures for the universe: one of cold, mechanical immortality and one of short but genuine human life. Doctor Ban has no direct relationship with the protagonist Tetsuro for most of the story, but he observes him closely and ultimately places his greatest hope in the boy's actions.

Development-wise, Doctor Ban does not undergo a significant change during the main story, as he is already a disembodied spirit with a fixed goal. His significance is revealed slowly; he begins as a mysterious voice and is only understood to be Maetel's father and the power behind her mission near the climax. The greatest development is the completion of his plan. At the end of the journey, on the planet Promethium, he instructs Tetsuro to throw his pendant, the vessel of his consciousness, into the planet's core. He willingly gives up his spiritual existence to trigger a chain reaction that destroys the mechanized homeworld, finally achieving his life's purpose. His story concludes with his sacrifice, and he finally finds peace. In other adaptations and gaiden stories, his consciousness is shown to persist in other forms, such as a robotic cat, continuing to watch over Maetel.

Despite having no physical body for most of the narrative, Doctor Ban possesses notable abilities derived from his scientific genius and his energy-based form. The pendant containing his consciousness is incredibly powerful. It can store vast amounts of data and energy, which he can use to heal Maetel when she is mortally wounded. When placed into a suitable interface or thrown into a planetary core, the pendant has the power to generate an explosion large enough to destroy an entire world, a capability he designed as the ultimate fail-safe against the machine empire. His primary ability, however, is his intelligence. As one of the creators of mechanization technology, he possesses profound knowledge of robotics, medicine, and programming, which he uses to outmaneuver the empire even from his sealed state. It is important to note that this Doctor Ban is distinct from the character of the same name who serves as a medical officer aboard the Arcadia in other of Leiji Matsumoto's works, with no confirmed connection between them.