Shinichi Kudo adopts the alias Conan Edogawa after being forcibly administered the experimental poison APTX 4869 by the Black Organization. This regresses his physical form to that of a six or seven-year-old while preserving his original intellect, memories, and deductive abilities. To protect himself and associates from the organization, he conceals his true identity. He resides with Ran Mouri and her father Kogoro Mouri, leveraging Kogoro's detective agency to access cases potentially linked to the Black Organization. Maintaining his cover requires enrollment at Teitan Elementary School, where he joins the Detective Boys alongside classmates Ayumi Yoshida, Mitsuhiko Tsuburaya, and Genta Kojima.
For daily activities, he employs gadgets invented by Professor Hiroshi Agasa. These include a voice-changing bowtie to impersonate Kogoro during deductions, creating the "Sleeping Kogoro" persona, augmented kick shoes, a wristwatch tranquilizer, tracking glasses, and a solar-powered skateboard. He frequently interacts with allies such as Heiji Hattori, who deduces his true identity, and Ai Haibara, a former Black Organization scientist similarly regressed who provides antidote prototypes and intelligence. His pursuit involves collaborations with law enforcement and intelligence agencies like the FBI, including operatives Shuichi Akai and Jodie Starling.
In *Magic File 3: Shinichi and Ran, Memories of Mahjong Tiles and Tanabata*, Conan participates in a mahjong game with Kogoro and associates. Kogoro mistakes a grape-peel-covered white tile for a 1-pin tile, leading to a loss. This incident prompts Conan to explain mahjong tile distinctions to the Detective Boys and Professor Agasa. Later, during another game involving Ran, a player's teasing remark about another player's wife triggers Ran's recollection of a childhood Tanabata festival with Shinichi, revealing their longstanding bond. This OVA serves as a prelude to the film *The Raven Chaser*, which involves a mahjong-related case.
Conan's personality balances childlike mannerisms—such as addressing Ran as "Ran-neechan" and using phrases like "Ah-le-le?" to feign innocence—with adult-level reasoning. He often requires excuses like "something heard on TV" to explain sophisticated insights. He maintains protective relationships, particularly with Ran, though his secrecy creates complications, such as when she confides her feelings for Shinichi to him unwittingly. He exhibits a strong moral code, striving to prevent criminal suicides after past failures and showing leniency to culprits with mitigating circumstances.
Across all media, his activities include solving cases with the Detective Boys, temporarily reverting to Shinichi using Haibara's antidotes to maintain Ran's trust, and confronting Black Organization operatives like Vermouth, Kir, Bourbon, and Rum. His familial connections include mystery writers Yusaku and Yukiko Kudo. His alias derives from authors Arthur Conan Doyle and Edogawa Rampo.