Tang Sanzang is a Buddhist monk undertaking a pilgrimage to India to obtain sacred scriptures. He appears as an ordinary monk without special holy status or detailed background. Traveling alone, he encounters the stone fist imprisoning Sun Wukong. Learning only a holy monk can free Wukong, Tang Sanzang approaches and succeeds. Wukong offers a wish in gratitude; Tang Sanzang requests his company on the journey, though Wukong initially refuses.

Later captured by demons, Tang Sanzang is rescued by Wukong and the dragon girl Tatsuko. Despite this, he returns to the demon's lair to save other prisoners, showing selfless concern for strangers. This action ultimately persuades Wukong to join the pilgrimage.

Throughout the journey, Tang Sanzang maintains a compassionate demeanor, acting as the group's moral center. He resolves conflicts among the disciples and guides them westward, relying on persuasion and personal example rather than force or magical control devices. He accepts his unconventional companions—Wukong, Tatsuko, Hakkai (Zhu Bajie), and Sa Gojo (Sha Wujing)—despite their varied natures.

Tang Sanzang provides stability as the group dynamic evolves during their travels, often mediating disputes and keeping the mission focused. Encountering further challenges like demons and obstacles requires group cooperation. His consistent presence serves as the unifying element, reinforcing the disciples' commitment to the pilgrimage despite differences or threats. The journey forms the primary context for his interactions and development alongside the others.