Professor Agata Hiroshi lives next door to Shinichi Kudo, acting as a family friend and inventor. He attended Teitan Elementary School and Okuho Middle School, meeting Fusae Kinoshita in sixth grade before her move and his family's later relocation from Tokyo during the fall term. His deceased relatives include his parents, great-uncle Kurisuke Agasa (who died 50 years prior at age 38), and great-aunt Teiko Agasa (who died one year prior at age 76). Living relatives consist of an unnamed cousin and that cousin's granddaughter.
Jovial, caring, and outgoing, Agasa uses his personality to conceal Shinichi Kudo's true identity as Conan Edogawa and Shiho Miyano's as Ai Haibara, presenting them as children of acquaintances. He shows paternal affection towards the Detective Boys, frequently chaperoning their activities and trips, which often involve criminal cases. Holding at least one advanced degree, he sustains himself through patents and inventions, including video games tested by the Detective Boys. While many inventions fail, others gain official recognition, such as the gadgets aiding Conan: tranquilizer watches, voice-changing bowties, badge walkie-talkies, and flashlight-watches.
After Shinichi's transformation into a child via the APTX-4869 poison, Agasa becomes his first confidant, devises the Conan Edogawa alias, enrolls him at Teitan Elementary, and provides technological support for his detective work. He later discovers Shiho Miyano collapsed near his home following her escape from the Black Organization, learns her identity, shelters her, and assists her integration as Ai Haibara. His awareness of the Black Organization positions him as a strategic ally in counter-operations alongside Shinichi and allied agencies.
In non-canon media like OVAs and movies, Agasa maintains his supportive role. In *Magic File 3: Shinichi and Ran, Memories of Mahjong Tiles and Tanabata*, he explains mahjong tile rules to the Detective Boys after Kogoro Mouri confuses a grape-peel-stained tile; the narrative connects to a Tanabata festival flashback involving young Shinichi and Ran. His appearances across episodes and films involve chaperoning trips, providing gadgets during cases, owning an unreliable yellow Volkswagen Beetle, and possessing a valuable Persian rug entangled in police investigations.
Physically, Agasa appears older than his 53 years, characterized by a bald head, silver hair, thick eyebrows, a mustache, a bulbous nose, and a slightly overweight frame. He typically wears round glasses and a lab coat. Notable traits include exceptional luck in winning food-related prizes and a fondness for pasta and tomato juice.