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Naoya Zenin is a significant antagonist in the Jujutsu Kaisen series, introduced as a Special Grade 1 sorcerer and a prominent member of the Zenin family, one of the three great sorcerer clans. Born in 1990, he is the youngest son of Naobito Zenin, the 26th head of the Zenin family, and was raised as a strong candidate to become the 27th head. Physically, Naoya is a tall young man, standing over 180 centimeters, with a distinctive and sharp appearance. He has light-colored hair with dark tips, which he dyes blonde, and sharp, slightly drooping eyes. His fashion sense is refined yet rebellious, often seen wearing a formal dark kimono over a high-collared white shirt and hakama, complemented by several piercings in his left ear.

Naoya’s personality is defined by deep-seated arrogance, a complete lack of empathy, and an extreme form of misogyny, traits that embody the most toxic values of the Zenin clan which prioritize male supremacy and innate jujutsu talent above all else. He views women as inherently inferior, believing their only purpose is to be subservient wives, and he has stated that any woman who does not walk three steps behind a man deserves to die. This contempt is directed particularly at his cousins, Maki and Mai Zenin, whom he has harassed since childhood and considers failures for their lack of powerful cursed energy or for not conforming to the clan's expectations. His arrogance is not limited to women; he openly mocks his older brothers and other male relatives, like Jinichi Zenin, for being weaker than him, suggesting they would be better off dead. Despite this, he is not completely incapable of respect, but his admiration is reserved only for those he deems overwhelmingly powerful, such as his cousin Toji Fushiguro and Satoru Gojo. He is also pragmatic and self-serving, quickly shifting to a friendly and deferential attitude when confronted by someone stronger, like the Special Grade sorcerer Yuta Okkotsu.

Naoya’s primary motivation is power and status. He is obsessed with becoming the head of the Zenin family and proving his superiority over all others. This drive is rooted in his upbringing as a "genius" within the clan, which fostered an inflated self-image and a sense of entitlement. The news of his father's death brings him delight, as it clears his path to leadership. However, this ambition is thwarted when Naobito's will names Megumi Fushiguro as the successor in the event of Satoru Gojo's incapacitation, which sends Naoya on a furious mission to eliminate Megumi. Underneath his quest for power lies a deep admiration for Toji Fushiguro, a man born with no cursed energy who possessed overwhelming physical prowess. Naoya sees Toji as an ideal and measures true strength against him, a fixation that ultimately becomes his undoing when he faces a fully realized Maki Zenin, who has come to embody that same physical perfection.

In the story, Naoya serves as a major antagonist, primarily within the Itadori's Extermination arc and the subsequent Perfect Preparation and Culling Game arcs. He is the leader of the Hei, the Zenin family's elite executioner unit. After the Shibuya Incident, he leads a squad to hunt down Yuji Itadori and Megumi. He engages in a fast-paced battle against Choso and Yuji, where his incredible speed initially gives him a significant advantage before he is ultimately defeated by Choso’s Blood Manipulation technique. He later returns to the Zenin estate to confront Maki, who has come to destroy the clan. Confident in his power, he fights her but is quickly outmatched and nearly killed after she adapts to his technique. He is then fatally stabbed from behind by Maki’s mother, who attacks him without using cursed energy.

This unique death, not caused by cursed energy, allows Naoya to transcend death and be reborn as a Vengeful Cursed Spirit, a transformation that is rare among sorcerers. During the Culling Game arc, he appears in the Sakurajima Colony in a grotesque, caterpillar-like form that later evolves into a more powerful humanoid cursed spirit. His obsession with Maki has only intensified, and he attacks her and her ally Noritoshi Kamo. In this form, he retains his original technique and achieves a Domain Expansion, becoming far more powerful than he was in life, capable of moving at speeds up to Mach 3.

His key relationships are central to his character. His relationship with Maki Zenin is one of pure antagonism, rooted in his misogyny and his denial of her strength, which he sees as an affront to his ideal of power embodied by Toji. In contrast, he holds a genuine, albeit twisted, reverence for Toji Fushiguro, whom he met as a child and whose raw power left an indelible mark on him. He views his father, Naobito, primarily as a stepping stone to power, and sees his cousin Megumi Fushiguro as a rival and an obstacle to be removed.

Over the course of the narrative, Naoya’s development is one of a downward spiral into monstrous obsession. He begins as an arrogant, privileged human sorcerer who believes his birthright and technique make him invincible. His defeats at the hands of Choso and then Maki shatter his ego, but rather than learn humility, his hatred consumes him. His transformation into a cursed spirit is the physical manifestation of his grudge, stripping away any remaining humanity and leaving only his desire to destroy Maki. This final form represents his complete loss of self to his own venomous ideology and envy.

Naoya’s notable abilities make him an exceptionally dangerous sorcerer and curse. He is a master of Projection Sorcery, an inherited technique of the Zenin family also used by his father. This technique divides one second into 24 frames, requiring the user to pre-determine 24 actions within that second. By perfectly executing these predetermined movements, the user can move at blinding, nearly supersonic speeds. Anyone touched by the user's palm is also forced to abide by this 24-frame rule; if they fail to move as "prescribed," they are frozen in place for one second, a vulnerability that is often lethal. As a cursed spirit, Naoya’s speed and power increase dramatically. He can also use a Domain Expansion called Time Cell Moon Palace. Within this domain, the rules of Projection Sorcery are applied on a cellular level to any target caught within it, causing their own body to tear itself apart if they cannot keep up with the forced frames. This ability is only bypassed by an opponent like Maki, who has no cursed energy to be targeted by the domain's sure-hit effect.