Toh Enjoe is a Japanese author born on September 15, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido. His background is in the physical sciences; he graduated from the physics department of Tohoku University and later received a doctorate from the University of Tokyo for a mathematical physics study on natural languages. After working as a postdoctoral researcher for seven years, he left academia in 2007. He worked briefly at a software firm before becoming a full-time writer in 2008.

His literary debut occurred in 2007 with the short story Of the Baseball, which won a contest held by the literary magazine Bungakukai. In the same year, his science fiction novel Self-Reference ENGINE was published by Hayakawa Shobō after being a finalist for the Komatsu Sakyō Award. This work established his reputation for complex, mathematically-inflected speculative fiction.

Enjoe is notably credited as a co-author of the novel The Empire of Corpses (Shisha no teikoku). The novel was originally an unfinished work by his friend and fellow science fiction author Project Itoh, who died of cancer in 2009. At a press conference following his own Akutagawa Prize win in January 2012, Enjoe announced his intention to complete the novel. It was published in August 2012 and received the Special Award from the Nihon SF Taisho, as well as a Seiun Award for Best Japanese Novel in 2013. The story, a sequel by other hands to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, is set in an alternate Victorian era where reanimated corpses are used as labor and for military purposes. A manga adaptation of The Empire of Corpses, credited to original creators Project Itoh and Toh Enjoe, was illustrated by Tomoyuki Hino.

Beyond his literary fiction, Enjoe has contributed directly to anime as a screenwriter. He wrote two episodes for the series Space Dandy: episode eleven, I'm Never Remembering You, Baby, and episode twenty-four, An Other-Dimensional Tale, Baby, for which he also provided guest character designs. He later served as the writer and handled series composition for Godzilla Singular Point, a 2021 anime series produced by Bones and Orange. In 2026, he was announced as the writer and series composer for a new The Ghost in the Shell television anime produced by Science Saru.

His artistic identity is defined by a fusion of literary and scientific modes of thought. His work is noted for its scientific lucidity combined with complex, often impenetrable literary structures. Recurring motifs include mathematics, linguistics, and philosophical approaches to narrative. His science fiction frequently employs mathematical concepts, such as the narrator as a morphism in Boy's Surface or sentient numbers in Moonshine. His literary fiction is often dense with allusions, exemplified by the book edition of his work Uyūshitan, which was published with extensive annotations that were absent from its original magazine serialization. His complicated narrative style has sparked significant discussion, with some critics praising its rigor and others labeling his work as indigestible or reader-unfriendly.

Toh Enjoe holds a significant position in the Japanese literary and media landscape as a rare figure who moves fluidly between the realms of pure literature, speculative fiction, and mainstream anime production. His numerous accolades include the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Akutagawa Prize, the Kawabata Yasunari Prize for Literature, and a special citation from the Philip K. Dick Award for the English translation of Self-Reference ENGINE.