Kazuyuki Aijima was born on November 30, 1961, in Kumagaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. His career in entertainment is rooted in stage performance; he was a member of the Tokyo Sunshine Boys, a theatrical troupe active from 1983 to approximately 1994 under the direction of Koki Mitani. He transitioned to full-time screen work in 1995. Aijama is a graduate of Rikkyo University's Faculty of Law.

While primarily a stage and film actor, Aijima has contributed to animated and live-action projects as a voice performer. He is known for the role of Hajime Biitani in the Library Wars franchise. Aijima played this character in the 2013 live-action film Library Wars (Toshokan Senso) and reprised the role for the 2015 television special Library Wars: Book of Memories. He also portrayed Captain Hajime Biitani in Library Wars: The Last Mission, released in 2015.

Beyond the Library Wars series, Aijima has an extensive filmography as a character actor. On television, he played Nishiki Niimi in the 2004 NHK taiga drama Shinsengumi!. His other television credits include roles in Hero, Shomuni, the 2012 taiga drama Taira no Kiyomori, Naotora: The Lady Warlord, and The 13 Lords of the Shogun. In film, he appeared as Urushihara in the 2011 comedy A Ghost of a Chance, as The Guardman in Suite Dreams, and as Shigeru Daimonji in the 2021 Kamen Rider video releases Kamen Rider Zero-One Others: Kamen Rider MetsubouJinrai and Kamen Rider Zero-One Others: Kamen Rider Vulcan & Valkyrie.

Aijima has maintained a consistent career in Japanese theater, film, and television since the 1980s. His achievements include a long-running association with the Tokyo Sunshine Boys, appearances in major taiga dramas, and a recurring role in the popular Library Wars film series.