Courfeyrac holds the position of third-in-command within the revolutionary student group, the Friends of the ABC. Despite being the only son of a wealthy family, he dedicates himself to their cause. His charm, approachability, and flirtatious nature make him particularly influential, especially with women, yet he demonstrates deep loyalty to the group's leader, Enjolras.

He introduces Marius Pontmercy to the Friends of the ABC and provides him lodging. The two become close friends, with Courfeyrac persistently encouraging the reluctant Marius to engage with the group despite Marius's differing political views. Courfeyrac maintains an optimistic and welcoming attitude throughout their interactions.

During the June 1832 uprising in Paris, Courfeyrac actively participates in the barricade fighting. He is in a romantic relationship with a woman named Mireille, who gives him her pendant necklace as a token before the final battle; they plan to reunite after the revolution succeeds. Courfeyrac dies in the conflict, falling from the rooftop of the Corinthe building after being shot in the heart. The pendant from Mireille drops from his hand during his fall.

Following the revolution, Mireille attends the wedding of Cosette and Marius, acknowledging Courfeyrac's legacy. She is later depicted alongside Cosette distributing food and clothing to the poor, indicating her continued connection to the surviving characters and their shared commitment to charitable work inspired by the revolutionary ideals.