Professor Carvalho, recognized in certain areas as Professor Rowan, stands as a leading Pokémon researcher in Sandgem Town, Sinnoh. His core research delves into Pokémon evolution, specifically environmental and biological catalysts for evolutionary shifts. He delivers lectures on subjects like Pokémon interactions with evolutionary stones, illustrating concepts through both theory and practical demonstrations—such as evolving a Lombre into Ludicolo using a Water Stone during fieldwork. His professional manner projects sternness and formality, often seeming reserved or intensely serious. This demeanor sometimes surfaces as deadpan snark, particularly when addressing disarray or inefficiency. Despite this strict exterior, he displays authentic concern for Pokémon well-being, exemplified when he gently extracted a thorn from a distressed Tyranitar’s foot to ease its suffering. He holds a longstanding academic rivalry with Professor Oak, openly critiquing the latter’s perceived methodological laxity while acknowledging their shared past. Carvalho initiates new trainers’ journeys by overseeing starter Pokémon distributions—Turtwig, Chimchar, and Piplup—to aspirants like Dawn and later Gary, whom he mentors as a research assistant. His guidance extends beyond beginnings; he actively monitors regional dangers, notably the criminal group Team Galactic. During Galactic’s operations, he coordinates with trainers such as the player character and Barry to investigate and thwart their disruptions, including interventions against research theft or legendary Pokémon exploitation. He prioritizes precision and caution, delegating field missions to assistants but stepping in during crises—confronting Galactic commanders at sites like Lake Verity or leading countermeasures against their legendary Pokémon schemes. This expertise solidifies his reputation in scientific and regional security spheres. Beyond threats, Carvalho contributes to public education at events like the Twinleaf Festival. His scheduled lectures there faced impersonation sabotage, such as Team Rocket’s James posing as him to peddle counterfeit memorabilia. These incidents unintentionally underscore his community standing, prompting figures like Johanna (Dawn’s mother) to protect his appearances. His mentorship of Gary emphasizes cultivating scientific rigor over competitive training, reflecting Carvalho’s dedication to advancing Pokémon research methodologies region-wide.