"Teikō Penguin" centers on a group of penguins living in a fictional Antarctic research station, blending slice-of-life elements with subtle environmental themes. The narrative explores the daily lives of these penguins, who exhibit human-like behaviors and personalities, as they navigate their interactions with each other and the researchers stationed nearby. The main characters include Pipo, a curious and adventurous young penguin; Goro, a gruff but protective elder penguin; and Mimi, a clever and resourceful female penguin who often devises solutions to the group's challenges.

The plot unfolds through episodic adventures, with each episode focusing on a specific event or problem faced by the penguins. These range from comedic misadventures, such as Pipo accidentally causing chaos in the research station, to more poignant moments, like the group working together to protect their habitat from an encroaching iceberg. The researchers, though secondary characters, play a significant role in shaping the penguins' experiences, often providing tools or insights that inadvertently lead to new discoveries or conflicts.

The series balances lighthearted humor with subtle commentary on environmental issues, particularly the impact of climate change on polar ecosystems. The penguins' struggles to adapt to changing conditions, such as melting ice and shifting food sources, are woven into the narrative without overt moralizing. The dynamic between the penguins and the researchers highlights themes of coexistence and mutual dependence, as both groups learn from each other in unexpected ways.

Character development is a key aspect of the series, with each penguin growing over time through their shared experiences. Pipo's curiosity often leads to trouble but also drives the group to explore new possibilities. Goro's initial reluctance to embrace change gradually softens as he learns to trust the younger penguins, while Mimi's ingenuity becomes a unifying force for the group. The episodic structure allows for a mix of standalone stories and longer arcs, creating a cohesive yet varied viewing experience. Overall, "Teikō Penguin" offers a charming and thought-provoking exploration of life in a unique setting, blending humor, heart, and subtle environmental awareness.