"Bungo Stray Dogs" is a manga series set in a world where individuals possess supernatural abilities tied to literary figures. The narrative centers on the Armed Detective Agency, an organization of gifted individuals who use their powers to solve crimes and protect Yokohama from various threats. The protagonist, Atsushi Nakajima, is an orphan with the ability to transform into a white tiger, a power linked to the poem "The Moon Over the Mountain" by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa. After being expelled from his orphanage, Atsushi encounters Osamu Dazai, a suicidal yet brilliant detective with the ability to nullify other powers, who recruits him into the agency.

The series explores the dynamics between the Armed Detective Agency and its rival organization, the Port Mafia, a powerful criminal syndicate. Key members of the Port Mafia include Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, whose ability "Rashōmon" allows him to manipulate a shadowy entity, and Chūya Nakahara, who controls gravity through his ability "Upon the Tainted Sorrow." The conflict between these groups is driven by differing ideologies and personal vendettas, often escalating into intense battles.

As the story progresses, Atsushi and his colleagues face increasingly complex challenges, including threats from external organizations like the Guild, an American group of ability users seeking to destabilize Yokohama. The narrative delves into themes of identity, morality, and the consequences of power, with characters often grappling with their pasts and the ethical implications of their abilities. The series also incorporates elements of mystery and psychological drama, with intricate plot twists and character development.

The manga balances action-packed sequences with moments of introspection and humor, particularly through the eccentric personalities of its cast. Notable characters include Ranpo Edogawa, a genius detective without an ability who relies on his intellect, and Kōyō Ozaki, a former Port Mafia executive with a tragic backstory. The interplay between these characters and their abilities drives the narrative forward, creating a rich and engaging story that blends supernatural elements with detective fiction.