In the early twentieth century, amidst the rapid transformation and cultural flowering of Japan's Meiji and Taisho periods, the manga Gasen: Meiji Taishō Gasentan follows the journey of a protagonist deeply involved in the visual arts, specifically painting. The title, which incorporates the word Gasen (literally "painting fairy" or "painting genius"), suggests a story centered on an extraordinarily gifted or spiritually connected artist navigating this era of change.

The narrative is set against the backdrop of a Japan eager to modernize while struggling to preserve its traditional soul. The main character is likely an artist whose work bridges these two worlds, possibly encountering historical figures or engaging with the evolving styles of Japanese painting, such as Nihonga, which sought to compete with Western art. The "Meiji Taishō" in the title confirms the historical timeframe, a period known for its eclectic blend of old samurai-era customs and newly adopted Western fashions, technology, and ideas.

A significant early story arc likely establishes the protagonist's unique talent and their entry into the competitive and prestigious art circles of Tokyo. This would involve training under a master, developing a personal style, and facing rivals. A subsequent narrative thread could follow the artist as political and social upheavals, including the effects of the Russo-Japanese War and the increasing influence of Western culture, challenge their artistic vision. Another potential arc might explore the protagonist's spiritual or philosophical connection to their art, perhaps involving supernatural or mystical elements suggested by the "sen" (fairy or immortal) in the title, leading them to seek true artistic enlightenment beyond mere technique. The series is serialized in Young Ace magazine, indicating a target demographic of young adult men, which suggests the story may also contain mature themes and complex character drama.