The "Toaru Majutsu no Index 10th Anniversary PV" commemorates the franchise's decade-long legacy, revisiting key narrative elements and characters from the series. The story is set in Academy City, a technologically advanced metropolis where students develop supernatural abilities known as "espers." The protagonist, Touma Kamijou, possesses a unique power called the Imagine Breaker, which nullifies all supernatural phenomena, including magic and esper abilities. Despite his seemingly weak combat potential, Touma frequently finds himself entangled in conflicts involving both the scientific and magical worlds.

The narrative explores the coexistence and clash between science and magic. Academy City represents the scientific side, with its focus on esper development and cutting-edge technology, while the magical side is represented by various organizations and individuals who wield ancient and powerful spells. Touma becomes a central figure in bridging these two worlds, often protecting others from the destructive consequences of their collision. His encounters with Index, a young nun with a vast repository of magical knowledge, and Misaka Mikoto, a powerful electromaster, further complicate his life as he navigates their intertwined fates.

The PV highlights pivotal moments from the series, including Touma's battles against formidable foes such as Accelerator, a Level 5 esper with the ability to manipulate vectors, and magical adversaries like the Roman Catholic Church's forces. Themes of morality, sacrifice, and the consequences of power are recurrent, as characters grapple with their roles in a world where science and magic are in constant tension. The anniversary PV serves as a retrospective, encapsulating the series' expansive lore, dynamic character relationships, and the high-stakes conflicts that define its narrative.