Ao-chan Can't Study! centers on Aoi Horie, a high school student determined to excel academically and gain admission to a prestigious university. Her focus on studies is frequently disrupted by intrusive, inappropriate thoughts, a result of her father's career as a popular erotic novelist. Aoi's father, Kōsuke Horie, is overly affectionate and openly discusses his work, which embarrasses Aoi and fuels her determination to distance herself from his influence. This dynamic creates a comedic tension as Aoi struggles to maintain her studious demeanor while grappling with her overactive imagination.

The narrative takes a turn when Aoi encounters Takumi Kijima, a popular and confident classmate who begins to show romantic interest in her. Kijima's straightforward and flirtatious advances exacerbate Aoi's internal conflict, as she interprets his actions through the lens of her father's suggestive writings. Despite her initial resistance, Aoi gradually develops feelings for Kijima, leading to a series of humorous and awkward interactions. The series explores themes of self-acceptance, familial relationships, and the challenges of adolescence, all while maintaining a lighthearted and comedic tone.

Supporting characters include Miyabi Kōno, Aoi's best friend, who provides a grounded perspective and often mediates between Aoi and Kijima. Kōsuke Horie, Aoi's father, serves as both a source of comedic relief and a catalyst for Aoi's struggles, as his eccentric personality and career choices continue to influence her life. The interplay between these characters drives the narrative, blending humor with moments of genuine emotional growth. Ao-chan Can't Study! balances its comedic premise with relatable themes, offering a concise and entertaining exploration of teenage life and romantic misunderstandings.