"Surgeon Elise" is a fantasy romance anime series centered around Elise, a highly skilled modern-day surgeon who is reincarnated into the body of a noblewoman in a fictional historical world. In her past life, Elise was a cruel and selfish noblewoman who met a tragic end due to her actions. After her death, she is reborn with memories of her previous life and her medical expertise, determined to atone for her past mistakes and use her knowledge to help others.

The story begins with Elise living as a noblewoman in the Kingdom of Roanne, where she uses her surgical skills to treat the sick and injured, earning her the nickname "Angel of the Operating Table." Her abilities attract the attention of the royal family, particularly Crown Prince Linden, who becomes a key figure in her life. As Elise navigates the complexities of court politics and her growing feelings for Linden, she must also confront the lingering consequences of her past life, including her former fiancé, the Duke of Vassenberg, who harbors resentment toward her.

Elise's journey is marked by her efforts to balance her medical duties with her responsibilities as a noblewoman. She faces numerous challenges, including political intrigue, rivalries, and the moral dilemmas of using modern medical knowledge in a pre-industrial society. Her character development is driven by her desire to redeem herself and protect those she cares about, even as she uncovers secrets about her past life and the true nature of her reincarnation.

The series explores themes of redemption, love, and the ethical implications of advanced knowledge in a less developed world. The supporting cast, including Linden, the Duke of Vassenberg, and Elise's loyal maid, plays significant roles in shaping her journey and the overarching narrative. The plot intertwines romance, drama, and fantasy elements, creating a compelling story that balances personal growth with external conflicts.