"Iwa-Kakeru! -Sport Climbing Girls-" centers on the sport of competitive rock climbing, blending athleticism with personal growth. The story begins with Konomi Kasahara, a high school freshman who stumbles upon her school's rock climbing club. Initially drawn to the activity as a way to overcome her fear of heights, Konomi quickly discovers a passion for the sport. Her journey is marked by gradual improvement, as she learns the technical and mental skills required for climbing, such as grip strength, balance, and problem-solving on the wall.

The narrative introduces a diverse cast of characters, each with unique motivations and climbing styles. Jun Uehara, the club president, is a seasoned climber who serves as a mentor figure, guiding Konomi and others with her calm demeanor and expertise. Sayo Yotsuba, a reserved and analytical climber, contrasts with the energetic and competitive Nonoka Sugiura, who thrives on speed and agility. The interactions between these characters highlight the collaborative and competitive aspects of the sport, as they train together, participate in competitions, and support one another through challenges.

The series explores various facets of rock climbing, including bouldering, lead climbing, and speed climbing, providing insight into the technicalities and strategies involved. Competitions serve as key plot points, showcasing the characters' growth and the intensity of the sport. Konomi's progression from a novice to a confident climber is central to the narrative, as she overcomes personal obstacles and learns to trust her abilities. The story also delves into the camaraderie and rivalries within the climbing community, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and perseverance.

Throughout the series, the characters face both physical and emotional hurdles, such as self-doubt, fear of failure, and the pressure to perform. These challenges are portrayed realistically, adding depth to their development. The narrative balances lighthearted moments with serious themes, creating a well-rounded portrayal of the sport and its impact on the characters' lives. By the end of the series, Konomi and her peers emerge as more skilled and self-assured climbers, having forged lasting bonds through their shared experiences.